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Objective:To investigate the mechanism by which Melittin-K1 reverses multidrug resistance of BEL-7402/5-FU cells.Methods:CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the effect of Melittin-K1 on the growth of BEL-7402/5-FU cells and to explore whether Melittin-K1 could reverse the drug resistance of BEL-7402/5-FU cells. The expression of MDR1 mRNA level was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay. The flow cytometry was used to measure the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the cell membrane surface and the accumulation of rhodamine-123 in cells.Results:Melittin-K1 significantly inhibited the growth of BEL-7402/5-FU cells in vitro in a time and dose-dependent manner. Melittin-K1 suppressed the level of MDR1 mRNA and inhibited the surface expression and function of P-gp in BEL-7402/5-FU cells. Conclusions:Melittin-K1, a novel peptide, exhibited the activity of reversing multidrug resistance of liver cancer cells.
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Objective:To evaluate ward nurses′ understanding of nuclear medicine and assess whether they can prepare for scintigraphy procedures and answer patient′s questions about nuclear medicine examinations.Methods:An online questionnaire was provided to nurses in 11 wards of Wuxi Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University where nuclear medicine examinations were frequently undergone. The questionnaire contained 3 parts: general data, self-assessment, objective testing of knowledge about nuclear medicine. Professional titles, educations, working years, self-assessment and objective testing for knowledge of nuclear medicine for patients′ preparation and question of involvers were collected. Results of objective knowledge test among different professional titles, educations and the results of self-assessment were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and independent-sample t test. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between objective testing results and working years. Results:The effective receiving rate of questionnaire was 96.4%(267/277). There were 96.3%(257/267) involvers did not receive any specific training in nuclear medicine, and only 4.9%(13/267) considered they knew nuclear medicine well. There were 50.2%(134/267) involvers thought that their knowledge of nuclear medicine was enough to prepare nuclear medicine examination for patients and 49.8%(133/267) involvers thought that they were able to explain nuclear medicine examination for patients. In objective knowledge test, (14.6±2.8) questions answered correctly for each person, with a correct rate of (54.9±10.5)%. There were (14.1±2.8), (15.5±2.3) and (16.8±3.9) questions answered correctly in involvers with primary title, mid-level title and senior title respectively ( F=9.789, P<0.001), and (15.8±2.5), (14.2±2.8) in involvers with bachelor degree or above and college degree ( t=3.477, P<0.001). There was only subtle correlation between objective testing results and working years ( r=0.257, P<0.01). The main way that involvers obtained nuclear information was through experience-based teaching methods such as introductions from colleagues(57.7%, 154/267) and department education(18.0%, 48/267). Conclusions:Lacking of formal nuclear medicine orientation is common in ward nurses, and their understanding of nuclear medicine examinations is insufficient. Working characteristics and learning patterns of ward nurses should be considered when providing information on nuclear medicine treatments for them.
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Objective:To investigate the relevance between spatial learning and memory impairment and the changes of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondiadehyde (MDA) content in hippocampus from Type 1 diabetic mice.Methods:Sixty male mice were randomly assigned into a control group (NC group,20 mice) and a Type 1 diabetic group (DM group,40 mice).Type 1 diabetic mouse models were established by a large dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg).The spatial learning and memory abilities of mice were assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) test.After MWM test,we chose 20 mice (diabetic encephalopathy mice) with the worst spatial learning and memory abilities from diabetic model group,and detected the iNOS activity,SOD activity and MDA content in hippocampus in both groups.Results:Compared with the NC group,the escape latency was significantly extended and platform crossings were significantly declined in diabetic mice (P＜0.01).Furthermore,the activity of iNOS and the content of MDA were markedly increased,and the activity of SOD was significantly decreased in hippocampus of diabetic encephalopathy mice (P＜0.01).Conclusion:The established Type 1 diabetic mice show symptoms of cognitive dysfunction,which might be related to the increase of oxidative stress in hippocampus.
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[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To study the effects of soybean isoflavones on mitochondrial ultrastructure, neuronal apopto-sis and expression of cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in the rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.METHODS:Adult healthy SD rats ( n=60 ) were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham group, ischemia/reperfusion injury ( I/R ) group and soybean isoflavone ( SI) pretreatment group.Soybean isoflavones (120 mg· kg-1 · d-1 ) were fed by gastric lav-age for 21 d.The global ischemia/reperfusion model of the rats was established by blocking 3 vessels, and then reperfused for 1 h after 1 h of ischemia.The morphological change of the cerebral cortex cells was observed under light microscope. The mitochondrial ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex cells was determined by transmission electron microscope.The apop-totic rate of the cerebral cortex cells was detected by flow cytometry.The expression of cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in the cerebral cortex cells was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS:Disintegration of mitochondria membrane and disappearance of the mitochondrial cristae were seen in I/R group.Compared with I/R group, the change of ultrastructure of mitochondria was significantly improved by soybean isofla-vone pretreatment, and the neuronal apoptotic rate was also significantly decreased (P<0.01).The mRNA expression and protein content of cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in I/R group were obviously higher than those in sham group ( P<0.01).Compared with I/R group, the mRNA expression and protein content of cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in SI group were significantly decreased (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Soybean isoflavones attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by stabilizing the structure of mitochondria, preventing cytochrome C release to the cytoplasm, inhibiting the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and decreasing cell apoptosis.
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The relatively independence and separation in the teaching of clinical medicine and basic medicine limits the ability training of students,and the combination of basic and clinic medicine in teaching has become the core issues and trends in medical teaching reform.So the conventional teaching patterns were reformed in pathophysiology by applying combination of basic and clinic medicine in teaching.In order to accelerate medical students to early exposure to clinical medicine Bengbu medical college changed the teachers' teaching ideas,promoted the local integration of the courses of basic and clinical medicine and the combination of basic and clinic medicine teachers in teaching,reformed mechanisms in teaching management and teaching operation.We also tested the preliminary reform effects by way of students' evaluation of the teaching and examination,and discussed the unfavorable factors affecting the educational reform and thought out some countermeasures.
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Objective To investigate the application value of BIS monitoring and Ramsay score in the prevention of unplanned tracheal extubation in ICU patients.Methods 93 patients were enrolled in this study,they were divided into the experimental group(47 cases)and the control group(46 cases) using random number method.They received sedation regimens with BIS monitoring and Ramsay score or Ramsay score respectively.Occurrence rate of unplanned extubation was compared between the two groups.Results The occurrence rate of unplanned extubation was significantly lower in the experimental group than that of the control group.Conclusions BIS monitoring and Ramsay score is a suitable ways for the management of sedation of intubated patients.